Identification of microbes in wounds using near-infrared spectroscopy

BackgroundRapid diagnosis of microbes in the burn wound is a big challenge in the medical field. Traditional biochemical detection techniques take hours or days to identify the species of contaminating and drug-resistant microbes. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is evaluated to address the need for a fast and sensitive method for the detection of bacterial contamination in liquids.MethodsHerin, we developed a novel technique which by using NIRS together with supporting vector machine (SVM), to identify the microbial species and drug-resistant microbes in LB medium, and to diagnose the wound colonization and wound infection models of pigs.ResultsThe device could recognize 100% of seven kinds of microbes and 99.47% of the multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with a concentration of 10⁹ cfu ml^?1 in LB medium. The accuracy of the microbial identification in colonized and infected wounds in-situ was 100%. The detection limit of NIRS with SVM for the detection of S. aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was 10¹ cfu ml^?1 in LB medium. Identification time was less than 5 s.ConclusionOur findings validate for the first time a novel technique aimed at the rapid, noncontacted, highly sensitive, and specific recognition of several microbial species including drug-resistant ones. This technique could represent a promising approach to identify diverse microbial species and a potential bedside device to rapidly diagnose infected wounds.     

Persistent Fistula for Treatment of a Failed Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Relic From the Past or a Viable Salvage Procedure?

BackgroundNew treatment algorithms for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) show high success rates in achieving permanent infection eradication with some degree of failure. Different salvage procedures are described, but there is no evidence for persistent fistula (PF). The purpose of this study was to analyze PF as a salvage procedure in patients with therapy-resistant PJIs.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included all patients treated with PF (2005-2018) in a maximum care center with PJI (knee or hip). The baseline parameters (age, sex, BMI) and other data (number of surgeries, pathogen spectrum, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification) were recorded. The function was documented using the Harris Hip Score, the Knee Society Score, and the quality of life using the SF-36 Health Survey.ResultsA total of 159 patients were included (80 ± 12 years) and subdivided into four groups: hip (n = 66), knee (n = 13), Girdlestone resection arthroplasty (n = 50), knee arthrodesis (n = 27). Patients stayed 111 ± 87 days in the hospital, underwent six operations and three revisions after establishing PF. The mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.7. The BMI was 31 ± 3 kg/m² (P = .1). The follow-up was 2.8 ± 0.5 years including 27 patients. The Harris Hip Score and Knee Society Score were 38 and 34, respectively. SF-36 showed no significant difference.ConclusionThe study showed poor outcomes regarding quality of life and the function of the infected joint. Therefore, the indication for establishing a PF in the treatment of PJI must be assessed very critically. PF is only an option for multimorbid patients with a limited life expectancy.     

替加环素鞘内注射治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌颅内感染

目的探讨替加环素治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(MDRAB)颅内感染的临床经验。方法分析中国人民解放军总医院第四医学中心神经外科2014年10月1日—2016年8月1日收治的6例MDRAB颅内感染患者的临床资料。记录患者脑脊液(CSF)的性状,细菌学及药敏试验结果。所有患者均根据CSF检验结果在常规治疗的基础上,给予替加环素50 mg(首次100 mg)静脉注射,1次/12 h;并以浓度为0.5 mg/mL的替加环素10 mL缓慢鞘内注射,1次/d,疗程9~21 d,平均14 d;观察临床疗效。结果6例MDRAB感染患者颅内感染均有效控制,未出现感染相关的神经功能障碍。随访1年,患者无感染复发。结论临床上替加环素的耐药率低,对MDRAB敏感性较高,但其血-脑屏障通过率低。颅内感染MDRAB后采用替加环素静脉滴注,并且同期行鞘内注射治疗,效果明显,临床未出现药物相关的神经功能障碍。     

肺癌合并糖尿病患者围术期护理体会

目的分析肺癌合并糖尿病患者在围术期内的护理措施与护理体会。方法选择该院2018年1—12月收治的64例肺癌合并糖尿病患者,对其护理过程的资料进行回顾性分析。所有患者均接受严格的围术期护理,除了基本的日常管理和血糖监测以外,重视患者的术前干预、术中并发症控制与术后康复指导。手术结束后分析患者并发症产生情况。结果该次研究结果表明,患者的术后空腹血糖值(6.1±0.1)mmol/L与餐后2 h血糖值(8.0±0.2)mmol/L均处于较为正常的水平,而64例患者当中只有3例患者出现了肺部感染,1例患者出现了伤口愈合不佳问题,其余60例患者围术期状态都比较良好,无严重并发症产生,说明了大部分患者经过围术期护理都能保障手术成功率,从根源上降低了手术病死率。结论肺癌合并糖尿病患者的围术期护理需要严格按照患者需求展开,控制患者的情绪与预后恢复的过程。     

重症监护病房患者导尿管相关尿路感染风险评分系统的建立与验证

目的建立并验证重症监护病房(ICU)患者导尿管相关尿路感染(CAUTI)风险评分系统,为ICU降低CAUTI的发生率提供依据。方法对常州市第一人民医院ICU在2017年1月-2018年12月期间1026例留置导尿管患者进行CAUTI目标性监测,利用1∶1简单化随机方法分为模型组和验证组,各513例。根据模型组数据筛选出CAUTI影响因素,建立风险评分系统应用于验证组,计算验证组中每例患者的风险评分。采用模型组和验证组数据建立受试者工作特征曲线图(ROC),根据ROC曲线下面积判断该风险评分系统建立的有效性。结果本研究期间患者发生CAUTI 44例,千日感染率为3.99‰。ICU住院时间、插管日数、未正确固定尿管、未规范执行手卫生是模型组导尿管插管患者CAUTI发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。利用此结果建立CAUTI风险评分系统,发现验证组中的高、中、低风险得分患者CAUTI发生率的差异有统计学意义,得分越高者患CAUTI的风险更高。最终利用该评分系统对模型组及验证组患者绘制ROC曲线,发现二者ROC曲线下面积均接近1,且差异无统计学意义,再次说明该评分系统具有较好的预测效果。结论建立CAUTI风险评分系统,采取针对性的早期干预可降低CAUTI的发生率,为患者提供最优经验治疗。